Job Outsourcing’s Effects on the Economic Growth

The outsourcing of Jobs affects the economic growth of a country both positively and actively, for capitalists it is a welcoming deed but for a common citizen, still it is a nightmare. Outsourcing in Canada creates many controversies about Canadian economic growth. Mainly IT companies and auto mobile companies are outsourcing their Jobs in Canada, banking sectors are also doing the same. When it comes to economy of the country, these business organizations which are doing outsourcing can contribute more revenue to the government. But, always a good economic stability can be achieved by ensuring the economic status of a common citizen.In those terms, we can't say that outsourcing always shows a positive sign to the economic development of a country. According to the Dun & Broadsheet barometer of global outsourcing, more than 30 cents of every outsourcing dollar is related with information technology expenses. Based on their survey, in 1999 IT field spent more than $7 billion for its o wn outsourcing only. This shows an increment of 10 % or $700 million than the year 1998 (Joanne, Mar R, 1998). This sort of increments in spending on outsourcing shows that, companies are interested to subcontracting their Jobs, which means they are profitable by this deed.It improves the revenue of he company in low investments, this revenue hike may result in the Canadian economic growth and in a long run government of Canada also become the beneficiaries of this income in terms of taxes and insurance (Unknown, 2014). But the remarkable thing is that, this income may not be able to maintain the Gross National Product of the country. If we apply the principle of virtuous cycle in this case, we can identify that the companies which are outsourcing their Jobs are working on the basis of virtuous cycle.In less payment they are making more money and automatically the government also become a part of this virtuous cycle. For example, Sears Canada Ltd. Outsource their telemarketing and c all centre services to an American company called Dial America Inc. Since 1995 and they also give the same Jobs to Philippines, according to the company's vision, they improved their customer services and telemarketing functions in a cost effective manner. This process improved the financial status and customer satisfaction of the company, eventually it reflects in the economic growth of Canada (Dotson, Sandy, 1997).On the other hands, outsourcing is a threat to the economic growth of the country, mainly in the case of unemployment. The recent surveys show that the rate unemployment has been increased than the rate in 2009 recession. One of the major reasons for this joblessness is outsourcing. A lion share of the works of Canadian banks and Canadian financial services were done by Indian information technologists, Bank of Nova Scotia, Royal Bank of Canada and AD Canada trust are the major clients of Indian IT tycoons such as ‘Gate and DATA consultancy services (Unknown, 2014) Unifier Swan, 2013).This kind of over outsourcing results in unemployment and naturally it affects the standard of living of the common people in the country. According to the words of Ermine Willingly, a senior economist, found that, a number of people were earn an average annual income of $30000 to $60000, but due to the outsourcing they lose their income quickly and all those people fell in a jeopardy. Those people may suffer homelessness and bankruptcy; it will put a citizen into trouble, and the economic status of this kind of people may affect the total economy of the country Unifier Swan, 2013).For example, last year 41 employees in Canadian imperial bank of commerce (CIVIC) lost their Job due to IT outsourcing. In the same way AD bank also announces the replacement of its 100 employees and RIB also were in the same risk in the case of 45 employees (CB News, 2013). Along with that, several problems such as slackening of managerial control, hidden cost in production or servic es and the quality problems are the another demerits of Job outsourcing.Security and confidentiality threat is the another major disadvantages of job outsourcing, for example, a new concept, design of a products, documents of employees etc. (Buick, 2014). These all disadvantages may affect a country economic stability directly or indirectly. When it comes to the application of virtuous cycle in his case, it will not work well with the unemployed community in the country. Because, here in this case, people lost their Jobs and they don't have the capacity to enjoy the facilities or customer services that provided by the multinational firms.This means, most of the Canadian companies are accepting subcontracts to increase their productivity by cost cutting, and they are trying to reach their product to common people, but most of this citizens are the persons who were thrown out from these companies. In that manner they don't have the capacity to avail the services provided by these comp anies. So, still the principle of virtuous cycle is works with the firms and it works opposite to the Canadian community. To put it in a nut shell, outsourcing can make both the positive and negative effects in the economic development of a country.

Compare Chinese and Indian Creation Stories Essay

Creation stories or creation myths are narratives that explain how things began; they are usually passed down generations after generations. In almost every culture throughout the whole world there are a variety of versions of creation stories since the desire to know the origin of things around us is a common human instinct. Despite the differences between the cultures and countries, many common themes and elements can be found in their creation stories. In Both Chinese and Indian creation stories the creators of the earth are both a male human-being like figure with a nonspecific background. A long time ago the whole universe was coalesced into a cosmic egg, inside the egg there was nothing but darkness. Among these â€Å"Hundun( )† (a term was used to describe a nebulous state in Chinese) there was Pangu( ) who was resting for about 18,000 years, finally he woke up and feeling suffocated, so he decided to standup. However; he was wrapped tightly by this egg shell and he couldn’t even stretch his arms and legs. He pulled off one of his teeth and turned it into a huge axe and broke the egg shell into two parts with a powerful swing, the light part of the egg kept flying and became the sky (Yang) and the heavy part kept sinking and became the earth (Yin). Pangu was worried that the sky and earth would come back and close again. He decided to stand between them with his head supporting the sky and his feet on the earth, as time went by he grew taller and the sky and earth also got thicker each day. Another 18,000 years passed. Pangu used up all his strength and was convinced that the sky and the earth could stay separated forever. Finally he lay down and suddenly his left eye became the sun, his right eye became the moon; his breath became the wind and voice the thunder; his hair and beard became the shining stars and his arms formed the ground and the mountains; his blood formed the rivers and muscles the soil; his skin became the trees and flowers, teeth and bones turned into gold and minerals†¦ Similar to the Chinese Pangu creation story the Indian Pima’s creation story also started with a human-being like character whose name was Juh-wert-a Mah-Kai (â€Å"The Doctor of the Earth†). He was floating in the empty darkness and eventually decided to create the earth, the sun, the moon, the stars and eventually the world that he was satisfied with. As we can see there are essential elements or parallels between the two creation stories. They both agreed that the world was crafted by an otherworldly being that had the supernatural powers and the creation of the earth both happened upon waking them up. They both invested in the essential elements that existed on earth from themselves, such as the sun, the moon and the stars. In addition, it is easy to notice that the gender of the creators was male which indicated that in both culture male was the symbol of strength and power. In ancient China this idea was greatly reflected since the male heritage was extremely important as they were the dominated ones in the society. Female characters also played an important role in both Chinese and Indian creation stories. After Pangu separated the sky and the earth, there was a woman Nuwa( ) who was the only human-being existing on earth. She was wondering around and trying to find someone to talk to. However, the fishes and the birds could not understand her. She felt so lonely and as she stopped by a pond where she saw her shadow reflected in the water, suddenly she realized that she needed someone like her on this earth, so she decided to create more human-beings like herself using the yellow clay and mud near the pond. She also made animals out of them such as chicken, dogs, cattle and horses. This kind of mother figure can also be found in the Indian Iroquois creation story where in the upper sky world there was a pregnant woman who gave birth to two twin boys. Both Nuwa and the Indian sky woman were female creators that created human-beings without another male figure involved since the creation stories were told long before people understand the reproductive process and the humans in these stories were undefined creatures that usually possessed unusual power. More importantly they both emphasized the primary responsibility of women in human society as involved in biological reproduction. It is not hard to notice that there are also some common events which happened in both creation stories, such as floods. After human-beings were created by Nuwa, they started to reproduce offspring. Among them there were two characters-fire and water. There was a time that fire and water had a war. The four pillars supporting between the sky and the earth collapsed which led to the rising of the oceans and there was fire and floods everywhere. While Nuwa felt helpless that a giant turtle came to her and offered its legs, Nuwa was able to use them to replace the four pillars and put them between the sky and the earth again and everything went back to normal. However there still were some damages, the sky was slightly ilted towards the northwest side which was the reason why the sun and the moon went back to the west in the end of the day. Also the earth was slightly sunk towards the southeast which explained that all the water and rivers were running and gathering in that direction. In the Indian Puma’s flood story two snakes were made to try to stop the flood and the snakes were lying between the south and west, and after the flood people who were created in the story were settled down in different areas in same region where the Indians were found later on. The flood stories represented the recreation of the original earth that was created and explained the establishment of the orders of nature and societies. Turtle is also a common creature in both creating stories as we found in the Nuwa’s story and in the Indian Iroquois creation story a large turtle saved the sky woman and the back part of the turtle grew into an island of earth. In Chinese culture turtle is often treated as a magical animal, and it is one of the four guardians of the Chinese compass. It is commonly used to represent longevity and endurance in many other mythologies from different cultures since it has a long lifespan and the sturdiness of its back which was used as the implication for the origin of the earth. In conclusion, the Chinese and Indian creation stories are very similar in many aspects. They explained how the sky and earth were created from a state of darkness or â€Å"Hundun†, and how was everything established and reestablished on earth, and they also tried to explain nature phenomena with a logical sense before any scientific explanations were established. They served as the foundations of the social structure for each culture and reflected the religions and beliefs in different cultures. They are also used as great sources today for studying the origins of the cultures. Some people today may look at these stories and find them amusing because it contradicts with scientific facts and evidence. In addition, some of these stories have been used for other purposes such as cartoons, novels, and convey the philosophy of life in an acceptable way that plays a vital role in society.

Scientific Method and Criminal Investigator

Methods Used as a Criminal Investigator Cynthia Scaff Kaplan University CJ210: Crime Scene Investigation Professor Post March 26th, 2013 Unit-5 Methods Used as a Criminal Investigator Throughout its history, criminal investigation has been built upon a methodological foundation that has become increasingly refined and reliant on science. Moreover, a good investigator often adopts a particular mindset when approaching criminal investigations. Among the most effective approaches to investigation involves the use of the scientific method, which is simply a time-tested means of gathering reliable facts.Gathering information is the key to all good investigations, and so understanding the three sources of information is of great concern to any investigator. All of these items add up to a well-rounded and thorough investigation, and thus they will all be addressed herein. First, an exposition on the methods of inquiry are in order. The two overarching methods of inquiry are 1) those that re construct and examine past events and 2) those that discover or generate new information (Osterburg & Ward, 2010). These two are actually interrelated, and there is a good deal of overlap between them.Any number of disciplines in both the hard and soft sciences can be employed in the service of an investigation, including those, which would not necessarily seem related to a police investigation, like entomology, meteorology, etc. Thus, understanding the behavior of insects that inhabit a body or the effects of weather on a body might provide crucial details about the precise date and time of a murder, for example. In fact, a wide array of disciplines is often applied to a complex investigation when used in conjunction, can provide a great deal of information about a case.As well as utilizing the methods of inquiry, the best criminal detectives also generally approach a case with a particular mindset. In essence, the investigative mindset is part schema (innate perspective based on a broad knowledge of the world) and part active thought process. What it amounts to is an open-mindedness and (preferably unbiased) skepticism that allows the investigator to remain open to anything unusual in a case or anything that leads to a better understanding of the facts and circumstances—evidence—related to or surrounding a case (Osterburg & Ward, 2010).The investigator with this mindset will therefore approach a case looking for evidence that seems contrary to how things should be according to his or her knowledge about the world and understanding of how things generally go under normal circumstances. She is also looking for information that fits what is already known about the case, but the investigator must be careful here not to come at it with preconceived notions about the guilt or innocence of anyone directly involved in or a tangential to the case.For the gathering of evidence, the best approach is usually the application of the scientific method, define d as such: â€Å"a method of investigation in which a problem is first identified and observations, experiments, or other relevant data are then used to construct or test hypotheses that purport to solve it (Scientific method, 2009). † The problem to be identified in this case is the investigator’s hypothesis about what took place at the crime scene and who was involved in it. Ergo, a good investigator moves from inductive reasoning—guesswork, hunches, suspicions, etc. toward deductive reasoning, which is the use of specific data applied to the situation to see if everything fits with what she believes to have happened. In Osterburg and Ward’s Criminal Investigation, the authors give an example in which a woman was murdered in her apartment in conjunction with a romantic dinner. Going on a hunch, the investigator suspects an ex-boyfriend to be the culprit. He then gathers data to see if his suspicions are reinforced by the facts available to him (Osterbur g & Ward, 2010).There are three sources of evidence that an investigator may draw from. The first of these is people. The relevant sources here are all of the people directly connected to a case (witnesses, suspects and of course surviving victims) and friends, relatives and various associates of suspects and victims (Osterburg & Ward, 2010). Although people can be open and helpful in a case, some of them may lie; distort facts or even refuse to cooperate altogether, creating a conflict for the investigator.Witnesses may also be confused about what they actually observed as memory is not always reliable and can even be biased by personal, professional or societal schemas. Learning how to get people to cooperate with police and sorting out lies, half-truths, mistakes or previously overlooked information is essential to criminal investigation. Ongoing surveillance of the people involved may also shed light on a case. The second source for investigators to consider is physical evidence .In police work, the two main disciplines employed in the examination of this data are forensic medicine and criminalistics. The condition, location and position of human remains; materials and fibers located at the crime scene; the trajectory of bullets and the type of bullets used; the pattern or spatter of blood; impressions made by fingerprints, shoes or tires; the presence of contraband (such as illegal drugs or drug paraphernalia or illegal weapons)—these are all types of physical evidence that might be used to reconstruct a crime or other past event (Osterburg & Ward, 2010).In considering this evidence, the investigator will ask herself questions related to the crime, such as: What is this item doing here? Why is the blood pattern directed this way? Does this evidence support or contradict my hypothesis about a suspect? And so on. Finally, records and documents are a prime source of evidence for most investigations. Although technically records are physical evidence, t hey are a special form of physical evidence, in that they are in widespread use and are used, stored and accessed both privately and professionally specifically for their informational value.It is no wonder then that they often contain or form important, highly specific evidence for an investigator. Documents such as a driver’s license, social security card or state ID card will help the police identify an unknown murder victim, for example. Criminal records of a murder victim may also provide clues about the nature of his murder, such as whether or not he was involved in the illegal drug trade, which may lead to a suspect. Phone records may even indicate that two people have been in contact when one or both have denied that they know each other (Osterburg & Ward, 2010).Records may be stored as a hard copy on paper, plastic or some other medium, or they may be stored digitally, as on a computer hard drive or CD. In the end, it is apparent that science and a scientific perspec tive are highly important to police investigations. The two methods of inquiry provide a basis for understand what happened and how it happened. Encountering an investigation with the proper mindset will offer a higher success rate. In addition, of course, the application of the scientific method is indispensable, as is understanding and exploiting the three sources of evidence.With a strong foundation in these principles, a criminal investigator is well on her way towards making headway in an investigation. References Osterburg,  J. W. , & Ward,  R. H. (2010). Criminal investigation: A method for reconstructing the past. Albany, NY: LexisNexis/Anderson Pub Scientific method. (2009). Collins English Dictionary – Complete & Unabridged 10th Edition. Retrieved March 29, 2013, from Dictionary. com website: http://dictionary. reference. com/browse/scientific method

Terrorist Organization Hezbollah Research Paper

Terrorist Organization Hezbollah - Research Paper Example Similar to Taliban’s rise as an extremist independent organization in the aftermath of the Afghan-Russian war of 1979, Hezbollah too falls in the same category. Taliban emerged as a confrontation group aiming to remove Russian army from invading Afghanistan, with United States and Pakistan providing full military and financial support to them. Likewise, Hezbollah emerged as a consequence of Iranian revolution to back-out Israeli army from invading Lebanon back in 1982, and being backed up heavily by Iran and Syria. The formation of Hezbollah was an asset to the Islamic world, protecting it from invasions and western imperialism. But the view of Hezbollah as a protector is not same to all. Hostility towards Israel and United States has resulted in Hezbollah being declared as a terrorist organization. Before studying the origins of Hezbollah and its future imperatives, along with its hostility towards Israel and United States, one must visually understand the strategic importance of its homeland- Lebanon. Lying in between Syria and Israel, and a gateway to major Muslim countries of the world, Lebanon has a politically strategic location. Lebanon is the center of most of the religious activities that are carried out in the world. Because of intensely political and religious dissections, the circumstances and stability of Lebanon is easy to manipulate. Also Iran’s nuclear program establishment is itself a great threat to Israel (who always has an eye to counter Iran’s powers). However Israel can benefit if it is somehow able to capture Lebanon, as that will bring them one step closer to their ultimate target, Iran. Hezbollah is the leeway of many factors. Most important of which are the religious, military and political tensions in Lebanon. The religious roots of Hezbollah state back to Shia Islamic revival during the 1960’s and 1970’s in Iraq. After returning to Lebanon in 1970’s from Iraq, Najaf educated preachers and students

Museum research paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Museum research paper - Essay Example It is based on the passion with abstract art and the first record abstract paint of Wassily that he is considered the father of abstract art (Varnedoe 2006, p15). The painting ‘Untitled Improvisation-1914’ is one of Wassily’s painting work in abstract with depth and meaning in the use of colours and lines. It is a more refined and developed piece of art in a series that emerge from about 1906. The painting is done during the onset of World War I, a very important aspect in understanding the theme colors and the messages conveyed by the picture. The Nazis of Germany were actively involved in the war, a war of race, and so Wassily, who was a professor, was then forced to move back to his home country (Düchting, 2008, p58). This information forms the background of the abstract painting, with no particular object painted but nonetheless, rich in internal beauty and spiritual understanding as Wassily himself described Art. The artist Wassily had a special approach to art which was very unique and independent, only witnessed among those who appreciate abstract art (Flux, 2002, p42). He was devoted to inner beauty of art work and had spiritual desire for his artistic impressions. This was achieved by colour as can be seen in this painting. The circumstance inspiring Wassily to paint ‘Untitled Improvisation III, 1914’ is the troubles of the war era. This is indicated by the extensive use of black paint on the background. From the museum however, explanations are given as to why the painting was by oil paint on cardboard, the original material. Wassily, in painting this art piece, was inspired by the concept of music as in the paintings before. He believed that painting was like composing music and so was to communicate messages in a sequential manner so as to get it across by use of colours and shadings of various thicknesses (Bill, Max, and

Marketing case study (analysis) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing case study (analysis) - Essay Example Armed with his savings and determination, he ventured into business where there are only two players—Bullard, the market leader and another which is rumored to close because of bankruptcy. Before finally making up his mind to offer carpet cleaning services, he should have conducted a thorough environmental scanning in order to understand the risk associated with his decision. Looking at the situation of the industry, he should have noted that aside from the peak seasons where Bullard cannot accommodate all prospective customers (he actually knows that population triples in summer and doubles during winter) one firm might be enough to provide all the services for the entire Petoskey. Thus, he could have ventured in a more profitable industry or choose to offer services only in summer or winter. Secondly, he should have conducted a market research as to why customers are drawn to Bullard and why all his competitors fail to capture the customers. In order to compete efficiently, he should be able to pinpoint the success factors related to the business. Internally, Jim Services Inc lacks a comprehensive marketing strategy which will enable to differentiate it from Bullard. It should be noted that the firm launched is a copycat which did not strive to build its own image in order to snatch customers. What Jim did is to employ a â€Å"me-too† strategy by claiming to offer the same service as the market leader. In so doing, the company did not influence the customers to shift to its services but only becomes as a ready alternative when the market leader cannot accept other carpet cleaning services during summer and winter. Jim Services Inc could have differentiated itself through the provision of other value added or offering lower prices. After noting the factors which contribute to the failure of Jim, this paper recommends that his cleaning services be offered only during

The value of the internet in an organisation Essay

The value of the internet in an organisation - Essay Example This paper will present detailed and comprehensive overview of the Internet with respect to different organizations. Internet mostly acknowledged basically â€Å"the Net,† the Internet is a universal structure of computer networks-a networks, in which users at any one computer can receive information from any other computer (as well as they can communicate straightforwardly to users at different computers in different locations). Nowadays, the Internet is a, supportive, public, self-financing facility available to hundreds of millions of users internationally. Actually, the Internet makes use of a part of the whole resources of the presently accessible public telecommunication networks. In principle, what differentiable the Internet its usage of a collection of protocols known as TCP/IP (Turban, Leidner, McLean, & Wetherbe, 2005, p. 71). The appearance and growth of the Internet has made business markets more workable and competitive than over before. With the Internet, every organization (small, medium, and large) in the world is potentially a local competitor. At the present, all the busi ness marketers understand that the Internet is a precious instrument or technology for extending reach to international markets and dealing customers in a superior way (Summers, Gardiner, Lamb, hair, & Mcdaniel, 2003, p. 67). Various features of the way individuals or organizations carry out their activities and survive in the twenty-first century will be measured via the huge web of electronic networks that was referred to normally as the information thruway however at the present is generally acknowledged as the Internet (Turban, Leidner, McLean, & Wetherbe, 2005). The Internet is a wide-reaching collection of networks that connects the millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals (Shelly, Cashman, & Vermaat, 2005, pp. 11-12). More than one-half billion people all over the world

Duke Elington Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Duke Elington - Essay Example In my opinion success for him was being original and establishing his or her own self by their hidden qualities and discovering yourself. He was beyond all boundaries and crossed all perimeters of extraordinary work and therefore was beyond all the prevailing categories. Therefore he is an inspiration for many of us out there exceeding all the categories. 2.The two isolated principles or method that The Duke Ellington applied it life and music. These can help others to succeed in the following manner. According to him he applied innovation to his music. He was a revolutionist who brought new concept in the field of music which is the best example of innovation is his Jazz music. He brought changes which reshaped and revolutionized the present standards. That was set by his ancestors. Another thing that was remarkable and seen in his era was thathis efforts showcased unity. He was the first one to bring a change so he gathered so many people under one platform and formed a band. Ellin gton gathered them and amalgamated them into a single band which was formed to propagate this form of music. This is a great example of success through unity. He knew that he was not anything until and unless people supported him with the cause so he accumulated many men with the same mindset and propagated music formulating a band which is his greatest achievement. Another thing that led to success was that he did not care about gaining fame and popularity. He only worked to spread music therefore he gathered everyone and worked together in benefit of the cause which was to spread jazz music everywhere. 3. Looking at Ellington from the view point and perspective of my major and music, many of his achievement are as followsof Duke Ellington is the most prominent composer in the history of jazz music. He was the leader of a band who was managing a huge group simultaneously for about a time period of almost 50 years. The two features of his career that are very prominent are related t o the usage of Ellington's band as a laboratory to experiment music where he created new compositions and sculptured his writing in such a manner that would exhibit the qualities, talent and strength of his band members. Many of his band members were his partners from a very long time. Ellington was also in writing scores for films and also prepared musical programs for the stage. He devised various musical instruments which were incorporated in his songs that became standardized. While he was travelling a lot years he was in and years he was out, he continued to record extensively. Which eventually led to formation of a gigantic body of work he did which is still being accessed and admired by many of his followers even after a quarter of a century after he has departed from us. He still lives to serve as an inspiration for many. He is a revolutionist who was very devoted to his work and devoted his entire life for music. 4.The characteristics of Ellingtonia music is as follows: Ell ington's style encompassed five different and distinct tunes and compositions that were dance numbers, the style of jungle or the numbers of production for the cotton club, the mood pieces or the blue pieces, pop pieces which were initially work of others but later he produced his own and finally those musical compositions which

Case Study Analysis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 3

Analysis - Case Study Example He was also to pay the interest with respect to terms of the interest of 12% as they had agreed. Sue has every right under the law of pursuing the money Peter owes her. According to the terms of their agreements, Peter was supposed to clear Sue’s debt by 1st of July. Since the date that Peter was expected to settle the debt had come, Sue had a legal right to request Peter to pay the cash he owed Sue (Emerson 2004, p.18). Similarly, Peter had the responsibility of honoring the terms of their agreement. If Peter would fail to honor this agreement, Sue has a legal right to pursue Peter to settle the debt through the legal processes. However, it was wise for Sue to contact Peter and ask him to settle the debt. If Peter fails to honor the agreement, Sue has every right and ground to follow the legal process so that she can be paid her debt. The legal process entails even suing Peter. The bottom line of this issue is Sue as the lender has every right to request Peter to settle the remaining debt (MacIntyre 2010, p.13). Similarly, Peter has the responsibility of honoring their agreement by paying Sue 5,000 that remained as well as the interest. On this scenario, Peter has repaid Sue the sum of 25,000 only. This implies that he has paid the principal amount only less the interest. This is contrary to their agreement. Peter was supposed to pay both the principal amount and interest on 1st July. This implies that he has breached the agreement they had made. As per the rights of the lender encompassed in the common business law, an agreement is a contract (Keenan and Riches 2009, p.37). Once the two have entered in a contract, it is unlawful to breach the contract. Peter failing to pay the interest is breaching the contract between him and Sue. According to the common business laws, breaching of a contract is an offense. This is implies that when it comes to contract breaching one is liable of facing the

Developing Twenty-first Century Civil Engineering Essay

Developing Twenty-first Century Civil Engineering - Essay Example Civil engineering is a discipline that is changing rapidly. There has been a major development of civil engineering in the twenty-first century due to changes in technology and weaknesses in the old civil engineering methods. This is because this century offers solutions to many problems in the building and construction industry. This includes upcoming of many institutions that offer formal training of civil engineers to create professionals in the field. There are firms formed by civil engineers that look at the construction needs and challenges to find solutions. They also act as a standard setting institution to certify civil engineers before they get to the construction industry so that they are competent enough. This century presents many challenges in civil engineering. This is because most problems that the society faces today have a direct relationship with this field. For instance, some road accidents are associated directly with poor road construction which is under civil e ngineering (Seely, 1999, p.8). This perception by the society calls for a change in the framework of our structures for professional and educational bit of this discipline. To cub this challenges, the civil engineering discipline liaises with other related disciplines like surveyors and architects so that construction of buildings is carried out to meet quality standards.It is for this reason that a framework has been set to improve the competency of civil engineering in this century.... There has been change in this trend due to factors like technology. It is for this reason that colleges and universities have been built to provide formal education on this discipline. The first college to offer formal education on civil engineering was known as Norwich University in the United States. They offered degree courses in this area to ensure that civil engineers came out competent and well equipped with all relevant skills (Seely, 1999, p.87). This has greatly led to an improvement in the construction industry. Developing Twenty-first Century Civil Engineering Civil engineering is a discipline that is changing rapidly. There has been a major development of civil engineering in the twenty-first century due to changes in technology and weaknesses in the old civil engineering methods. This is because this century offers solutions to many problems in the building and construction industry. This includes upcoming of many institutions that offer formal training of civil engineer s to create professionals in the field. There are firms formed by civil engineers that look at the construction needs and challenges to find solutions. They also act as a standard setting institution to certify civil engineers before they get to the construction industry so that they are competent enough. This century presents many challenges in civil engineering. This is because most problems that the society faces today have a direct relationship with this field. For instance, some road accidents are associated directly with poor road construction which is under civil engineering (Seely, 1999, p.8). This perception by the society calls for a change in the framework of our structures for professional and educational bit of this

Personal Case Study Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Personal Paper - Case Study Example Role conflict can come in various forms. Role conflict usually comes in the form of status, role, and expectation. There are a number of academic researchers that have been carried out with regard to role conflict. This paper aims at discussing how academic research relates to role conflict. There is always a variance in opinions when it comes to how role conflicts should be handled. However, what is certain is that the manner in which you manage role conflict determines how it will affect your organization. Regardless of the roles played or the individuals involved in a conflict both sides are always negatively affected by the conflict. Berko, Aitken & Wolvin asserts that when interdependent individuals or groups happen to have views, opinions, values, and goals that are conflicting it will be hard for them to work for a common course (Berko, Aitken & Wolvin, 2010). People who ignore role conflicts have a higher possibility of failing as compared to those who acknowledge their existence and work towards solving them. To make sure that role conflicts are put under control roles of the various individuals and groups that are interdependent should be defined. This will help everyone understand the boundaries of their roles and the importance of their role to the common purpose. When choosing or allocating roles you should make sure that people or groups are given the roles that they are best in. This will be in the bid of making sure that everyone is comfortable with the roles that they are supposed to play (Settles, Sellers & Damas Jr, 2002). This will mean that by the end of the day everyone would have played their roles and since the common course is dependent on the individual roles the common course will be achieved. However, Beaucham and bray asserts that letting people and groups play the roles that they are best in will reduce the possibility of there being complaints from the other individuals or groups involved in the course (Beauchamp &

The Simple Gift and Drifters Essay Example for Free

The Simple Gift and Drifters Essay An individual’s experience of belonging is invariably affected by their previous encounters with their environment and the people with whom they interact. This is clearly presented within the texts analysed. In the novel â€Å"The Simple Gift† by Steven Herrick the author successfully demonstrates the power of past experiences to both limit and enrich an individual’s sense of belonging to both their surroundings and influential people. Similarly in the poem â€Å"Drifters†, Bruce Dawe conveys the idea of constant change preventing people connecting and belong to a community or place. Steven Herrick demonstrates that a single event in our past can greatly affect they way in which we interact and perceive our environment†¦link†¦ This is clearly focused upon through the anecdote of Old Bill’s daughter’s death. Through the emotive visual imagery and use of ellipses I was there for hours mad with rage and pain and God knows that tree fell †¦Ã¢â‚¬  the author insightfully shows that grief and heartbreak can destroy a persons affinity with well known surroundings†¦link†¦ Herrick suggests, that with the perception of change of an individual’s environment through a physical transformation, their mental state may have a corresponding change. This is further reinforced through repetition in the metaphor â€Å"Fell and I fell with her and I’ve been falling ever since†. Symbolising Old Bill’s increasing disenchantment with the world as the passing of time since ‘the fall’, accumulating with the revelation of Old Bill’s current lifestyle. Through this notion Herrick intelligently reflects upon how one moment in life can destroy one’s sense of belonging to previous role†¦link†¦ The power of the past is also shown by Herrick in the chapter â€Å"A project†. The author intelligently develops a tone of hopefulness through the repetition of â€Å"promise† in â€Å" I promised her we’d go and I promised her we’d swim together†. The composer cleverly harnesses this to suggest the imminent completion of â€Å"Jessie’s trip† and the corresponding need of Old Bill to reconnect with the world in which he lives †¦link†¦ this notion is further depicted through the use of metaphor within â€Å"Jessie’s trip to the ocean† The composer effectively reinforces Old Bill’s wish to reintegrate himself and belong to a community by revisiting the past through the fulfillment of the trip planned between himself and his daughter†¦link†¦this clearly presents the idea of past experiences affecting not only the individuals ability to disconnect to a lifestyle but also reconnect to an extent. Divergent to the ideas presented by Herrick in The Simple Gift, Bruce Dawe suggests constant changing can affect an individual’s sense of belonging due to the inability to connect as a result of the short period of time afforded to them to create bonds. This is shown through the use of visual imagery and onomatopoeia â€Å"and when the loaded ute bumps down the drive past the blackberry canes with their last shrivelled fruit† conveying the idea of the hardships which can be caused by the inability to connect to people and place. The symbolism of the â€Å"bump† displays the difficult journey anticipated by the narrator due to previous failed attempts to develop a sense of belonging to her home. Further emphasized through the morbid visual imagery of the shriveled fruit intimating the lack of time spent preventing her from belonging and symbolizing the end of her connections to another community. Furthermore Dawe harnesses stanza structure and dialogue to illustrate this notion of the need for time to establish connections to an environment. The epetition of â€Å"and† at the beginning of multiple lines in the first stanza and â€Å"she† in the second stanza further emphasizes the idea of a perpetual cycle of negativity and sense of disconnectedness to her surrounding because of the frequent moving of home. Extending upon this concept is the use of the dialogue â€Å"Make a wish, Tom, make a wish. †. The composer shows the woman’s wish to gain a permanent residency to which she can create a sense of belonging. This connotation of hope additionally reinforces the concept of constant change preventing the establishment of belonging to a place.

Technical Education Excellence Through Innovation

Technical Education Excellence Through Innovation TECHNICAL EDUCATION EXCELLENCE THROUGH INNOVATION. INTRODUCTION: Maidanavaruna general authority and power in the world of technology is an effective analytical tool due to global engineering education internationalization of education is a concept that shifts has turned out. Education excellence in manufacturing initiative primarily of an organization to obtain good fit and intelligent functionality in the context of the paucity of technical institutions in the country, second tier are available in number. India is now a major driver for innovation and engineering teaching has to be a balance of entertainment and Engineering Journal of teaching in the part of the company to engage with ISTE is the next to join the exciting and hearting . Acceleration of technical change is a feature of modern society leading. International National Stadium in technology has become a powerful tool for projecting power and strength. Research and increase advance and free enterprise excellence and official approval Process manufacturing contribution SUMMARY: The world faces sociological problem that is the result predominantly of the practical advance such as trouble of fast and extreme use of valuable and depletes raw resources. Engineering subject is bilateral and lectures from side to side â€Å"Chalk and Talk† may not be sufficient. With great latent obtainable with newest high speed CD computer, it has been possible to develop suitable teaching aids to conceptualize difficult engineering phenomena and products. The rapid advancement in ICT are making it inexpensively feasible to gather, store, procedure and transmit information at breathtaking speed, reduced cost particularly the transaction cost, raise output and increase financial good. Connectivity†: The access budding for in order and communiquà © skill must be slow by improving living infrastructure. â€Å"Capacity†: There is a require to increase person’s ability from side to side training to deploy in order and communication skill wisely and in their own notice. â€Å"Content†: in order and message technology application and happy must be urbanized and provided as necessary or related to the reality of life i.e., the in order in the net must be available even in the local lingo. There is a greater than ever fear that the enlargement of ICT will go later than alive appearance of shared and financial system difference and perhaps even make stronger prevalence example of shared care out. During India, literacy was 65.4% according to the latest poll in 2001. Not additional than 10%of our inhabitants has education above 10th benchmark. The National information assignment (NKC) constitute by management of India has purposeful on a integer of issues to add to autonomy and answerability and improved quality in higher edification Class of tuition at any level depends on the class of higher learning; of course the stress should be on improving the quality of teachers. Tutoring and research are continuous processes of advancing science and skill. We have a long way to go in the area of delve into publications and outcome of research students. Since there is a shortage of experienced and trained research engineer and technologist it would be appropriate to expand these facilities particularly in the engineering departments of the University, in its place of creating new research cells outside. Inter departmental collaboration of investigate and growth work would be and be grateful for means for such growth. CONCLUSION: It twisted third main technological and technical personality survival of significant R$D institution, fourth major army and railway system. India is produce all her required of purchaser goods a bull of creator kit. Making do, novelty and performance are vital constituent in understanding of a lively technical society of the prospect considerably depends on your ability to think authenticity. ENGINEERING EDUCATION AND INNOVATION. INTRODUCTION: Education is an important input both of the swelling of the society as strong as for the individual instruction opens new horizon for an personage. Knowledge and developed are product of elementary discover in basic science inventive genius tried to use these discover of new developed product and for other human needs. Novelty Engineering is to help persons reignite culture of novelty within their organizations by transform the mindset of both the management and the labor force. This is accomplished by educating and enable innovation changeThe engineering education in India arose out of necessity for the tanning of obverses intended for construction and maintenance of public structure, road candle and port, and of the training of artisans and craftsmen. Role of technical education in the growth of India has been recognized in independent India pt. Nehru our first primenister, referred to India’s first IIT at kharagpur as’’ representing India urges India future in the making symbolic of the changes that are coming. One of the essential purpose of higher education is produced original thinker’s who revel in expending frontiers of knowelegement engineering education is a key part higher education system in India. SUMMARY: It must also be realize that public costs on edification have also better many folds throughout last two tactics and the central government have shaped many new and modernism institute such as IIT and NISER in adding to new IIT and IIM and central universes. Administration tactics to set up thirty new universities, five new Indian institutes of science education and research. During a variety of period of our history this core of learning continued but new addition were made by thickness, education and run through people in each era consisted with the need of the society later. Novelty in curriculum and programmes teaching means and aids interdisciplinary. Enduring learning and the qualitative alteration and. Recognize ion and assessment. Scholar satisfaction method. Industry feedback. Developed of more demanding curriculum material. Govt. set standard, ongoing programme for intensive teacher training. Student appraisal, restricting of learning location. The aooroches and development used for it can be any or all of the following, modeeernized of syllabi, enlarged and branch and increased allotment of funds. As India as all the resource and potential to became a regional therefore an increasing number of student from neighbour country will choose the countries as their preferred destination for higher education. Our system of assessments and benches making must be integrated with those of the world. The process must be transparent and based on the parameters used globally for such benchmarking. Composition of teams at work place both organized and unorganized sector shall be must skilled multi cultural mulltingul and multi ethnical system employer would have no simple say in choosing the team. The total number of university stood at 367 now. CONCLUSION: The earth need freedom from strife, progress, collective cohesion and muscle to live tighter readily available is a require to express our young age group to idea of ordinary patience and peace. The prospect programme for teaching will be to empower person assure high quality of existence and pave way to knowledge society. The new scheme of teaching has to be entrenched culture and dyed-in-the-wool to progress and makes feel superior to be Indian. Who revel in expending frontiers of knowelegement manufacturing education is a key part superior teaching arrangement in India. KNOWLEDGE INFRASTRUCTURE FOR EXCLLENCE IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION, RESEARCH AND INNOVATION. INTRODUCTION: Knowledge rigorous education and research environment, it is important to strengthen knowledge infrastructure in engineering institution to foster world classiness, tech-savvies and quality of service for excellence in education, research and innovations. The society has made a significant contribution to the growth of academic quality, to the promotion of quality UG and PG project, to the causes of Faculty Development and to the causes of bridging the gap between the current state of technology and knowhow and the knowledge and skill set imparted in the institutions. The national knowledge commission in its Report to the Nation 2006 has called for creating a synergy between Education and Research in the technical education. Creation of such a network for the country shall empower our higher education system to take full advantage of the power of connectivity and power of networking which will then be utilized to create advantage India in higher education, more so in technical. Furth er the cause of excellence in technical education in India and for that reason anywhere else in the world cannot be effectively served in the connected knowledge economy today without the access and use of the vast knowledge warehouse available on the net. SUMMARY: Crisis of India as an information Superpower in the new years is now life form well recognized approximately the globe. India, porcelain and WE are being future as the top three economies of the world. India’s rapid progression to a fastest growing economy could be likely primarily since of important growth of science and technology institution well-known in the country during the last 4 decades. Innovation Engineering is a new field of college study and industrial live out based on a body of knowledge comprise of 48 Skills. It is a multi-disciplinary field blending the humanities, engineering, production, and obvious law. In piece of information, the world famous IT organization such as a Microsoft, Intel, AMD, Oracle, CISCO and others have utilize the genius of Indian manufacturing graduates to propel technology innovation and manufactured goods development. Extra, Research centre being set up in India both by Indian and foreign company keep on to attract manufacturing and technology alumni from Indian institutions. In the near era where knowledge reigns utmost, it is important to identify that the maturity of a country is propel by the supremacy of scientific and technological innovations and is driven by the growth of knowledge easy industrial background. focus of engineering and technology institutions, except the IITs and a few selected PG institutions, has been primarily to provide undergraduate studies in engineering and technology while the postgraduate studies and research have been limited to approximately 35000 candidates in 268 AICTE approved institutions of engineering and technology in addition to 54167 candidates enrolled in MCA in 1012 institutions as per the Annual Report 2003-2004 of AICTE. Creating Knowledge Infrastructure in engineering and technology institutions is a dire need at present if we have to transform Indian engineering education system to a system tuned to technology and product innovation alongside with the development of world-class quality human capital. Research and Development – programs that support innovation through investments into research projects and/or investments into research centres and equipments, by establishing Centres of Excellence for Information and Communication technology. It is an asset to prepare Indian Technology Universities to rasp the challenges of the acquaintance age. CONCLUSION: The nationally Knowledge duty in its account to the realm has outline the urgency of create the synergy between lessons and research in institutions of higher in order. acquaintance modernization nurture in the ST in India on the might of the inventive genius and back by a in the soft tissue powerful knowledge interactions can go faster the pace of India’s march on the Knowledge super pathway. extra, in the area of technical education leveraging benefit technology assist by the power of technology innovation can help in considerably improving the quality of teaching and research, effectively meeting the challenge of acute sense shortage and current low pace of world class research and new manufactured goods development. Let us make an unconditional assure to fostering a new era of excellence in technical tutoring, investigate and innovation in our institutional campus.

Impact of Globalisation on Australia

Impact of Globalisation on Australia Table of Contents 1. Title page 2. Table of Contents 3. Introduction 3.1 Map of Australia 4. Social Impacts of Globalisation 4.1 Positives 4.2 Negatives 4.3 The Verdict 5. Political Impacts of Globalisation 5.1 Positives 5.2 Negatives 5.3 The Verdict 6. Economic Impacts of Globalisation 6.1 Positives 6.2Negatives 6.3 The Verdict 7. Environmental impacts of Globalisation 7.1 Positives 7.2 Negatives 7.3 The Verdict 8. Conclusion 9. Bibliography Introduction Globalisation is what runs the modern world now especially with the ever-increasing knowledge and advance in technology connecting the world person to person. With modern technology, two people on different sides of the world can talk to each other with instant messaging. In this way the world grows smaller, quicker and easier to live in. It’s not just technology that influenced globalisation, the current ability to have cheap, quick and easy global trade that has given everyone on Earth something not native to their country. As Australia is a fairly new developed country, it is moving away from being a colonised country, globalisation has helped Australia become a wealthier country. Is Globalisation a good thing for Australia? How has Australia been affected and where? This report answers that question. Figure 1: Social Impacts on Australia Australian society has expanded to the entire world with modern technology and networking. Australians can now communicate to people around the world in an instant using instant messaging and phone calls as well as the increasing number of international Australian citizens. However, what effect does this have on Australia? Positives Australia is a fairly new country and often receives information and trade products latest out of most other countries. However, the invention of internet and network has enabled Australians to receive information and retail quicker as well as speak with people worldwide. Australia is close to 3rd world countries and is a fairly cheap source of refuge and international education, this also makes Australia a place for refugees and international families hoping for a good education for their children. Australia is moving closer to the rest of the modern world. Negatives With Australia slowly becoming more culturally and ethnically diverse, unwanted attention is being brought to Australia. The recent G20 meeting has started protests across the wealthier and poorer countries to stop G20 as it may separate the world and throw the economy off balance as well as raising awareness for world crisis and demanding for public needs. The public has also divided to challenge the governments to allow or ban refugees from entering Australia. When Australia allows refugees to enter Australia, people protests as the refugees may bring diseases, spies and war. When Australia sends refugees back then Australians protest to allow refugees in the country. The Verdict Australia has been mainly positively affected by globalisation in society, particularly in the tourist industry. Australia is one of the most unique countries for its strange geographic structure and wildlife. When tourist and refugees that have gained citizenship have seen the country that is Australia, The tourist and refugees will arrange for their friends and family to travel. Political Impacts on Australia Australian government has strong connections with other nations with official visits and assisting with international and worldwide affairs. Recent Australian government has made Australia a very involved country with the world, involving Australia in many world affairs such as wars, political meetings and attending to crises. Positives Involving Australia internationally was the right choice to make a good image other countries. Assisting in wars, attending casual and business meetings as well as just being there for a handshake has given off the image that Australia is a friendly country and a great continent†¦ Negatives Sometimes the Australian government forgets that there is such a thing as too involved. People have died in assisting international wars, several citizens live in fear of war being brought to Australia through involvement and asylum. G20 has scared off some of the poorer countries and some are taking advantage of the meeting and protesting for the world leaders to serve their needs. The Verdict Currently Australia has good favours with wealthier countries but connections with the poorer countries is rusty or unknown due to involvement. However, the country has benefitted from the government’s decisions, connections made and favours from Britain. Australia is also slowly getting wealthier, only a decade ago, people mainly drove cheap but practical Japanese cars but now expensive and better looking European cars are driving around the streets. Economic Impacts on Australia Australia has been isolated from other continents for billions of years and this has allowed Australia to hid it’s valuables until modern technology found them. Australia is rich in iron and coal and as the country itself doesn’t need it, all the raw materials are sold overseas. However, how much is used here and how much is bought from overseas? Positives Australia’s economy is focused on the mining industry and its exports. Australia exports mainly to countries with low iron, coal and gold deposits such as major Asian countries with fast development and requirement for steel. Modern technology has allowed for a year of mining to travel to overseas countries in less than two weeks by boat and about a week by plane factoring in the travel time from mine to port. Being a top exporter for mining products, this makes Australia a favourite for metal exports, most exports going to China, Japan, Korea and the United States. Apart from mining and gas exports Australian farming, medicinal chemicals and animal food products are bought by other countries and combined with all the other top exported products, Australia makes approximately $249 billion from raw materials. Negatives As Australia is a developed country, everyone is trying to stay up to date with the rest of the world and imports computers, machines, parts and cars which are all new, always updating and very expensive. Cars also need fuel to run on so large imports of crude and refined petroleum are bought in plenty as well as medicine for Australia’s sick and injured. Overall, adding all the top imports together, Australia spends about $240 billion on imports, only about $9 billion of profit. The Verdict Australia spends large amounts of money on imports and leaving a little left for saving. Being a young country means Australia doesn’t have a good economic foundation to build on or much variety to offer. To keep up with the world, much has to be imported mostly computers and many different types of machines, all new and expensive. With $249 billion made from exports and $240 billion spent on imports, quite a lot of the products imported are used and not re-sold. Possibly the only time Australia made the most money was during the gold rush and the start of the microchip age. Environmental Impacts on Australia Australia was an originally isolated country where people lived with and not off of the country until European settlement started and the coasts were over taken with modern technology. Was European settlement really beneficial for Australia? Was the old way of living for the indigenous the better way? Which way is better now? Positives In one way, being a young country is good, the Australia is possibly the least polluted and destroyed major European country. Australia is often choosing the most sustainable options for the country as the wildlife and vegetation native is not found anywhere else and currently, introduction of wildlife and vegetation is taking over much of the original land. Negatives Australia is mostly dusty red desert with dry deep-rooted plants, it is also where most of the most plentiful raw mining materials are. Australia is a country that can relate to District 12 of Panem, a country of miners. The desert of Australia is slowly becoming more unstable with the replacement of short-rooted plants, the dust storms of 2009 were caused by the combination of uprooted plants, bushfires, salinity and holes in the country for mining. People experience low visibility, possible blindness, dusty clothes, machines and houses. The dust was dumped all over Eastern Australia and the surrounding seas and coasts. The Verdict Too much has happened to the country that has not helped, the gold rush, introduction of wildlife and vegetation and general European influence from settlement. The way the indigenous Australians lived was a more peaceful and safe than the modern way of life where the more people rip up the land, the better for the people. Soon there would be nothing left for humans to live on and technology won’t be able to feed us. Conclusion Australia has mostly benefited from globalisation in terms of Social and political, however, the economic and environmental aspects are still in between good and bad†¦ Bibliography Cite This For Me, (2014). Cite This For Me: Automatic bibliography generator. [online] Available at: https://www.citethisforme.com/ [Accessed 25 Nov. 2014]. Citewrite.qut.edu.au, (2014). QUT cite|write Writing a report. [online] Available at: http://www.citewrite.qut.edu.au/write/report.jsp [Accessed 25 Nov. 2014]. DCosta, A. (2014). Will growth mean more jobs? Not necessarily. [online] ABC News. Available at: http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-11-14/dcosta-g20-should-focus-on-jobs-not-growth/5891308 [Accessed 26 Nov. 2014]. Fisher, M. (2013). A revealing map of the worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s most and least ethnically diverse countries. [online] Washington Post. Available at: http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2013/05/16/a-revealing-map-of-the-worlds-most-and-least-ethnically-diverse-countries/ [Accessed 26 Nov. 2014]. Globalization101, (2014). What Is Globalization?. [online] Available at: http://www.globalization101.org/what-is-globalization/ [Accessed 25 Nov. 2014]. Green, J., Muller, S., Johnson, D., Danko, M., Barret, T. and Meyer, R. (2014). Globalization II Good or Bad?: Crash Course World History #42. [online] YouTube. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s_iwrt7D5OA [Accessed 26 Nov. 2014]. Green, J., Muller, S., Johnson, D., Danko, M., Meyer, R. and Barret, T. (2014). Globalization I The Upside: Crash Course World History #41. [online] YouTube. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5SnR-e0S6Ic [Accessed 26 Nov. 2014]. IMPACTS, G. (2014). GLOBALIZATION AND ITS SOCIAL-CULTURAL-POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS. [online] Academia.edu. Available at: http://www.academia.edu/4668865/GLOBALIZATION_AND_ITS_SOCIAL-CULTURAL-POLITICAL_AND_ECONOMIC_IMPACTS [Accessed 25 Nov. 2014]. Investopedia, (2014). How Globalization Affects Developed Countries. [online] Available at: http://www.investopedia.com/articles/economics/10/globalization-developed-countries.asp [Accessed 25 Nov. 2014]. Moodle.sjac.qld.edu.au, (2014). [emailprotected]: Login to the site. [online] Available at: https://moodle.sjac.qld.edu.au/moodle/course/view.php?id=718 [Accessed 25 Nov. 2014]. Moodle.sjac.qld.edu.au, (2014). [emailprotected]: Login to the site. [online] Available at: https://moodle.sjac.qld.edu.au/moodle/mod/forum/view.php?id=24840 [Accessed 25 Nov. 2014]. Morin, R. (2013). The most (and least) culturally diverse countries in the world. [online] Pew Research Center. Available at: http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2013/07/18/the-most-and-least-culturally-diverse-countries-in-the-world/ [Accessed 25 Nov. 2014]. Um.dk, (2014). What is a Trade Barrier. [online] Available at: http://um.dk/en/tradecouncil/barriers/what-is/ [Accessed 26 Nov. 2014].

Sixth Amendment :: essays research papers

The sixth amendment is that in all â€Å"criminal prosecutions, the accused have the right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the crime that have been committed, which district would have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation: to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defense.† The sixth amendment also covers the guarantee of â€Å"adequate notice.† This means that the sixth amendment, â€Å"which is applicable to the states through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, guarantees a criminal defendant a fundamental right to be clearly informed of the nature and cause of the charges against him. In order to determine whether a defendant has received constitutionally adequate notice, the court looks first to the information. The principal purpose of the information is to provide the defendant with a description of the charges against him in sufficient detail to enable him to prepare his defense.† The accused also has â€Å"a fundamental right to be clearly informed of the nature and cause of the charges in order to permit adequate preparation of a defense. Due process entitles an accused to know the charges against which he must defend in order to have a reasonable opportunity to prrepare and present a defense and not be taken by surprise at trial.† The Sixth Amendment, is also â€Å"applicable to the states through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment and guarantees a criminal defendant a fundamental right to be clearly informed of the nature and cause of the charges against him.

Blind Faith and False Belief: An Examination of the Development of The

The purpose of this paper is to closely examine the effects of children with congenital profound visual impairment (CPVI) and a possible correlation to the delay in the development of theory of mind (ToM). Specifically, this paper will compare a study that investigated how visual cues affect the development of ToM to a similarly themed episode from the popular television show Xena: Warrior Princess. On the surface these two groups may appear to be an odd comparison, for children with CPVI and Xena seem like they have nothing in common. However, there is one episode in particular entitled â€Å"Blind Faith,† in which these two worlds collide in a unique and surprising way proving and interesting parallel and additional insight into how blindness may affect the development of the theory of mind. In the article entitled, â€Å"An investigation of first-order false belief understanding of children with congenital profound visual impairment,† a detailed look at the development of ToM was performed. Theory of mind (ToM) is defined â€Å"as the ability to impute mental states to others and to interpret and predict behavior in terms of those mental states† (Green 1). In order to examine ToM, the study performed a series of false belief tests. False belief can also be explained as misunderstanding which connected to false reasoning. In the case of the children in this study, the false belief would be if they can correctly identify how another person would respond to a specific task, if that person had limited information that the children were previously made privy too. These tests are important because, as they article explains; the testing false belief is the most direct way to access if a person has a fully developed theory of mind (Dennett c... ...ere is a correlation between blindness and a delay to the development ToM. Whether it’s Xena or children with congenital profound visual impairment it’s obvious that visual cues are significant when trying to interpret the actions of others. Xena, like the children in the study, was forced to rely on other senses to compensate for the lack of visual cues, which is important because without them children are at a disadvantage to understanding the greater world around them. Works Cited â€Å"Blind Faith.† Xena: Warrior Princess. Created by Rob Tapert and Sam Raimi. Perf. Lucy Lawless, Renee O’Connor. USA Network. April 17, 1997. Green, Sarah, Linda Pring, and John Swettenham. "An Investigation of First-order False Belief Understanding of Children with Congenital Profound Visual Impairment." British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 22.1 (2004): 1-17.

Essay --

Jeremy Burrafato 12-11-13 ENG 4800-01 Final Essay Psychoanalytical Criticism on Stories of Madmen The descent into madness has been a facet of many stories throughout human history. Voices in one’s head, delusions, as well as dreams and nightmares, are common in these types of stories. In Edgar Allen Poe’s The Tell-Tale Heart, and Charles Dickens A Christmas Carol, the characters within the stories face these sorts of problems. In The Tell-Tale Heart, the narrator/protagonist experiences an obsession with a physical trait of an elderly man, in which he associates with evil. This evil eye and the obsession in which the narrator holds for it eventually cause the narrator to do the unthinkable. Kill the old man. A Christmas Carol tells the tale of an older gentleman who experiences a series of encounters with ghosts who show him the error of his ways. These dream like scenarios in which he encounters these spirits are none other than actual dreams and wish-fulfillment based on his fears and guilt. Both of these classic tales weave notions of psychological intricacies within their pages. The Tell-Tale Heart details the descent into madness of a man who is suffering from some form of paranoid schizophrenia; while A Christmas Carol reveals that its main character while not having a traumatic form of mental illness like that of Poe’s story, does share many anxieties and delusions based on guilt and obsession much like the narrator in The Tell-Tale Heart. Both characters have and cope with varying degrees of mental illness, or at least symptoms of such illnesses in some form or another. For the purpose of this essay, the version of the story that will be referenced is the one handed out to us in our class, thus any references to the st... ...in the forms of countless movies, including the likes of Disney, as well as being a record breaking theatrical play. Charles Dickens work has been a staple of writing for years, and this piece is no exception. The story of A Christmas Carol begins with a misery old man named Scrooge working in his counting house on Christmas Eve, his clerk sitting in the front working as well. Various people come inside to greet him including his nephew whom he basically tells to leave after being invited to a Christmas party. He is then visited by people who are looking for donations for the poor. This sets up Scrooges hate for the holiday as well as his greed. His greed is the primary basis for his loneliness and anger, which is amplified during the holiday season. To understand Scrooges hate for the holiday season, one could look back to a time when he would have enjoyed it.

Raymond Briggs Essay

During the 1980s there was fear of a nuclear attack. Mass protests were held in order to prevent nuclear armament. Many politicians gave formal sermons to the public, warning them of the threat of nuclear war and the effects of the bombs. However, Raymond Briggs uses cartoon books and film to illustrate the serious message, making it more interesting, so more people take notice of it. ‘When the Wind Blows’ follows the lives of a conventional, elderly couple in the countryside. Their names are Jim and Hilda Bloggs. The name Bloggs shows that they are very ordinary and could represent anybody. The first section of the cartoon strip shows the idyllic countryside in which the couple live. There are fluffy clouds in the sky, but at the same time these clouds are very ominous, as we later find out. These clouds soon become mushroom clouds after the bomb hits. There are bright colours filling the pages making their lives seem cheerful. The windmills in the background generate wind using the latest technology, however, this technology is what creates the bomb. Jim reads the newspaper when he arrives home and we realise that the lives shown in the newspaper are so very different compared to his and his wife’s simple lives. ‘My life isn’t very fast-moving or dynamic.’ Jim always tries to sound intelligent but gets things wrong constantly. This makes us feel terrible pity for Jim because he is so hopeless. On the video, Jim squints quite often and Hilda always hobbles. This shows their vulnerability. The simplicity of the illustrations of Jim and Hilda is a reflection of their characters. The couple seem very warm and kind because of their round bodies. They both have rosy cheeks giving them a plump and healthy appearance as well. The endearing name, ‘Ducks’, that Jim has for Hilda adds to their innocence. Jim and Hilda trust the government completely and think that without the official leaflets they’d ‘have been totally non-prepared’. However, we know that the leaflets are just there to comfort the people, because no one can escape the radiation sickness after a nuclear bomb explosion. Their naivety shows when they seem to think that there is going to be a war and not a nuclear bomb. ‘I can soon touch it in after The Bomb’s gone off’. There is some irony in their comments because, after the supposed war, they will be wiped out. During the build-up to the bomb, the lullaby ‘Rock a Bye Baby’ plays in the background. This gives the story it’s title. The irony here is that, when the bomb hits, hot winds will sweep over the countryside causing mass destruction. Lullabies are usually sung to children so it makes the couple again seem innocent and naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve. We feel even more sympathy for Jim and Hilda when they look back at the community spirit of World War Two with nostalgia. They never seem to see the grim reality of what is happening to them. As the bomb hits, all the audience and reader can see is a bright white light. This represents the total obliteration that the bomb causes. The colours outside change from cheerful colours to ones of luridness. While Jim is reading out names of political organisations, there are strong drumbeats playing in the background, giving a threatening sense. The drums beats get louder, drowning out Jim’s voice, showing the nuclear war as being more important. Flashes of real-life footage also add to the threatening atmosphere and show the reality of what is happening. The names of organisations flash onto the screen then they fall apart and become distorted. This reflects Jim’s thoughts of the names. They mean nothing to him and, as far as he is concerned, they are just letters. The fact that they all fall apart shows that there is no safety, even from organisations set up to protect people. After the explosion, we see the inevitable 0death of Jim and Hilda. Bags start to appear round their eyes, Hilda’s ankles start to sag and her hair falls out. This is a very moving build-up to their death, as it shows the awful reality of the bomb. The couple have hardly any food to eat, but manage to find one fruit pastille. Their true love for each other is shown here as they cut the pastille in half, making it fair. During the aftermath of the bomb, both Hilda and Jim have fantasies. We feel sympathy for them here because their childish fantasies make them seem innocent. As the glass shatters, Hilda sees her past in the pieces of glass, which is shattered before her very eyes. This gives her character a past so we feel great pity on her, because we know she is going to die. It also seems like her life flashing before her eyes, something which people associate with the arrival of death. In both the film and book, the death of Jim and Hilda is not shown. In the book the last pages are brown, showing no hope for the couple, whereas in the film version, there is a close-up of the bunker and it rises into the sky, appearing as the sun. This gives a sense of hope, because it shows that Jim and Hilda have gone to heaven. I think that the way Raymond Briggs has used the cartoon book genre to convey a serious message works really well. It is very moving and rouses the sympathy of both reader and audience.

Zoe’s Tale PART II Chapter Nineteen

And wouldnt you manage. nearlything big was arranged.The compound wedding showed up.The shuttle landed and a picayune green humanity popped unwrap. And I thought, This t e veryyms familiar. It was thus far- forward the same little green man command Rybicki. precisely thither were differences. The topic start sequence I apothegm proposaletary Rybicki, he was in my front yard, and it was estim competent him and me. This time his shuttle landed in the grassy argona decently in front of Croatoans gate, and a peachyhearted nut of the liquidation had turned bring knocked out(p) to es swan him land. He was our first visitor since we came to Roanoke, and his focal percentage point t to each(prenominal) iodinmed to give the appraisal that maybe we would in the end be out of exile. cosmopolitan Rybicki stood in front of the shuttle and he atomic number 18d at the wad in front of him. He waved.They cheered disturbedly. This went on for several minutes. I ts deal considerably flock had never lift upn both(prenominal) genius wave out front.Fin all(prenominal)(prenominal) in ally the oecumenical spoke. Colonists of Roanoke, he posit. I bring you frank overbolds. Your twenty- 4 hourss of hiding ar over. This was stop by an opposite gout of cheering. When it calmed vote d induce, the public continued. As I speak to you, my commit preceding(prenominal) is installing your communications sa controlite. in brief you volition be able to entrust messages to friends and loved champions cover on your main office envisi iodinets. And from present on out, all the electronic and communication equipment you had been ordered to stop victimization will be returned to you. This got a long whoop from the teenage sectors of the crowd.We bonk that we discombobulate solicited much from you, Rybicki utter. I am here to sort you that your sacrifice has non been wasted. We c erstwhileive that very before long now the foe that has threatened you will be contained and non still contained, however defeated. We couldnt relieve mavinself do this without you. So for all of the Colonial br otherwisehood, I thank you.More cheering and non sentiency. The eachday seemed to be enjoying his moment in the sun.at once I must speak with your colonisation leaders to discuss how to reintegrate you into the Colonial fusion. Some of this may take few time, so I ask you to be a little patient. unless until and so, allow me expert vocalise this Wel fall digest to civilization straight guidance the crowd in truth went nuts. I rolled my eye and researched d ingest at Babar, who went with me to the landing. This is what happens when you spend a family out in the wilderness, I said. both(prenominal) dumb thing looks wish well entertainment. Babar looked up at me and lolled his tongue out I could advertise he agreed with me. distinguish on, past, I said. And we walked through the crowd to the everyday, who I was supposed to escort a dissolvetha to my dad. oecumenic Rybicki saw Babar before he saw me. Hey he said, and bent round for his slobbering, which Babar duly and enthusiastically utilise. He was a in effect(p) dog barely non a abundantly accurate judge of character. I re penis you, he said to Babar, caressing him. He looked up and saw me. I remember you, too.Hello, ecumenic, I said, politely. The crowd was mute milling around us scarcely quickly dispersing as folks festinated to all corners of the closure to pass on what they were told.You look taller, he said.Its been a year, I said. And I am a growing young woman. This condescension creationness unbroken in the drab all this time.The general seemed non to thingumajig this. Your m a nonher(prenominal)(prenominal) said that you would be escorting me to see them. Im a little surprised that they didnt come out themselves, he said.Theyve had a busybodied couple of days, I said. As lay down we all .So colony lifetime is to a greater extent exciting than you thought it would be, the general said.Something a same that, I said, and accordingly moti nonpareild. I discern my dad is very interested in talking to you, worldwide. Lets not withstand him waiting.I held my PDA in my hand. There was something not quite right active it.Gretchen discover it too. It feels weird, she said. Its been so long since we carried one around. Its like Ive for add up how to do it.You seemed to remember attractive well when we were using the ones in the discipline center, I said, reminding her of how wed spent a comme il faut amount of the know year.Its different, she said. I didnt pronounce Id forgotten how to riding habit one. Im aspect Ive forgotten what it was like to carry one around. devil different things.You could al expressive styles give it rear end, I said.I didnt say that, Gretchen said, quickly. and hence she smiled. Still, you flip to honor. In the last year batt alion here rattling did manage to run low along without them just fine. tout ensemble the hootenannies and the reckons and the other stuff. She looked at her PDA. Makes you wonder if theyre all passing play to go away now.I debate theyre dissolve of who we are now, I said. As Roanokers, I hold still for.Maybe, Gretchen said. Its a nice thought. Well stupefy to see if its actually true.We could practice a bracing song, I said. hickory tree says Dickorys been missing to provide something newfangled for a mend now.Thats funny, Gretchen said. One of your bodyguards has become a tuneful fiend.Hes a Roanoker too, I said.I calculate he is, Gretchen said. Thats funny, too.My PDA blinked something happened with Gretchens as well. She peered at hers. Its a message from Magdy, she said. This is spillage to be bad. She touched the PDA to open it. Yup, she said, and showed me the picture. Magdy displace a short video of him mooning us.Some mickle are involveting back into the swing of things sooner than others, I said.Unfortunately, Gretchen said. She tapped onto her PDA. There, she said. I do a note to resign his ass the next time I see him. She motioned at my PDA. He train it to you, too?Yes, I said. I hark back Ill refrain from opening it.Coward, Gretchen said. Well, then, what is red ink to be your first official act on your PDA?Im red to send a message to a certain cardinal someones, I said. And tell them that I posit to see them alone.We apologize for being late, hickory tree said to me, as it and Dickory stepped into my bedroom. major(ip) Perry and General Rybicki gave us priority status on a data packet so that we could communicate with our politics. It took some time to originate the data.What did you send? I asked. eachthing, hickory said.Everything, I said. Every single thing you two and I did in the last year.Yes, hickory said. A digest of flatts now, and a much than comprehensive report as soon as we muckle. Our tribe wi ll be desperate to know what has happened with you since they last perceive from us. They need to know you are well and un victimizeed.This includes what happened last night, I said. All of it. Including the part where you oh so lightly mentioned your plans to murder my parents.Yes, hickory tree said. We are sad to grant confuse you, Zoe. We would not have wished to do that. still you tenderiseed us no alternative when you told us to speak the truth to your parents.And what approximately to me? I asked.We have everlastingly told you the truth, hickory said.Yes, hardly not all of it, have you? I said. You told pop that you had information just approximately the junto that you didnt tell him about. only you didnt tell it to me, either. You unbroken secrets from me, hickory tree. You and Dickory both.You never asked, hickory tree said.Oh, dont give me that crap, I said. Were not playing word games here, hickory. You kept us in the dark. You kept me in the dark. And th e more(prenominal) Ive thought about it, the more I progress to how you acted on what you knew without singing me. All those alien races you had me and Gretchen study in the information center. All the races you trained us how to fight. Hardly any of them were in the junto. Because you knew that if the crew found us first, theyd try everything not to fight us.Yes, hickory said.Dont you intend I should have known that? I asked. Dont you count it would have mattered to me? To all of us? To the immaculate colony?We are dour, Zoe, Hickory said. We had orders from our organisation not to reveal information to your parents that they did not already know, until such time as it became absolutely necessary. That would have only been if the confederacy were to appear in your sky. Until then, we were required to run care. If we had spoken to you about it, you would have naturally informed your parents. And so we decided that we would not bring these things up with you, unless y ou asked us flat about them.And why would I do that? I asked.Indeed, Hickory said. We tribulation the necessity. alone we saw no other alternative. beware to me, both of you, I said, and then halt. Youre roll down this now, arent you.Yes, Hickory said. We always record, unless you tell us otherwise. Would you like us to stop transcription?No, I said. I actually requisite all of you to hear this. setoff, I veto you to harm my parents in any way. Ever. study Perry has already informed us that he would surrender the colony rather than deflower it, Hickory said. Since this is true on that point is no drive to harm either him or Lieutenant Sagan.It doesnt matter, I said. Who knows if theres going to be another time you decide its going to be necessary to try to draw in rid of bottom and Jane?It seems unlikely, Hickory said.I dont care if its more likely that I was going to sprout wings, I said. I didnt think it was ever possible that you exponent think to kill my parents, Hickory. I was wrong about that. Im not going to be wrong about it again. So give tongue to it. swan you will never harm my parents.Hickory spoke briefly to Dickory in their own language. We swear it, Hickory said.Swear it for all Obin, I said.We cannot, Hickory said. That is not something we can promise. It is not within our power. notwithstanding neither Dickory nor I will essay to harm your parents. And we will defend them against all those who would try to harm them. Even other Obin. This we swear to you, Zoe.It was the last part of this that make me imagine Hickory. I hadnt asked him to defend joke and Jane, just not harm them. Hickory added it in. They both did. convey you, I said. I felt as if I were curtly coming unwound until that second I didnt realize how behaveed up I was just academic session there, talking about this. Thank you both. I unfeignedly inevitable to hear that.You are welcome, Zoe, Hickory said. Is there something else you want to ask us?You have files on the combination, I said.Yes, Hickory said. We have already presumptuousness them to Lieutenant Sagan for analysis.That made perfect sense Jane had been an intelligence officer when she was in the special(prenominal) Forces. I want to see them, too, I said. Everything you have.We will provide them to you, Hickory said. But there is a crew of information, and not all of it is easy to interpret. Lieutenant Sagan is far more qualified to seduce with this information.Im not saying give it to me and not her, I said. I just want to see it too.If you wish, Hickory said.And anything else that you might form from your political science on the junto, I said. And I miserly all of it, Hickory. None of this you didnt ask directly throw away from now on. Were done with that. Do you understand me?Yes, Hickory said. You understand that the information we notice might in itself be incomplete. We are not told everything.I know, I said. But you still seem to know more than we do. A nd I want to understand what were up against. Or were, anyway.Why do you say were? Hickory asked.General Rybicki told the crowd instantly that the junto was about to be defeated, I said. Why? Do you know any different?We do not know any different, Hickory said. But we do not think that just because General Rybicki says something in public to a large crowd, it means he is telling the truth. Nor does it mean that Roanoke itself is replete(p)ly out of danger.But that doesnt keep back any sense, I said. I held up my PDA to Hickory. We were told we can use these again. That we can use all of our electronics again. We had stopped using them because they would give us away. If were allowed to use them again, we dont have to worry about being inclined away.That is one interpretation of the data, Hickory said.Theres another? I asked.The general did not say that the conclave had been defeated, that that he mootd they would be defeated, Hickory said. That is correct?Yes, I said.Then it is possible that the general means for Roanoke to play a part in the defeat of the confederacy, Hickory said. In which case, it is not that you are being allowed to use your electronics because it is natural rubber. You are being allowed to use them because you are now bait.You think the Colonial coalescency is leading the Conclave here, I said, after a minute.We offer no opinion one way or another, Hickory said. We note only that it is possible. And it fits what data we have.Have you told my dad about this? I asked.We have not Hickory began, but I was already out the door.Close the door behind you, protoactinium said.I did.Who have you talked to about this? he asked.Hickory and Dickory, obviously, I said. No one else.No one? pappa asked. non even Gretchen?No, I said. Gretchen had gone off to harass Magdy for sending her that video. I was take a shit-go to wish I had gone with her kind of of making Hickory and Dickory come to my room.Good, Dad said. Then you need to keep quietness about it, Zoe. You and the alien twins.You dont think what Hickory is saying is going to happen, do you? I asked.Dad looked directly at me, and once again I was reminded how much erstwhile(a) he was than he appeared. It is going to happen, he said. The Colonial confederacy has laid a trap for the Conclave. We disappeared a year ago. The Conclave has been face for us all that time, and the CU has spent all that time preparing the trap. Now its ready, so were being dragged back into view. When General Rybickis enthral goes back, theyre going to let it safety valve where we are. The news will get back to the Conclave. The Conclave will send its waver here. And the Colonial Union will lay it. Thats the plan, anyway.Is it going to work? I asked.I dont know, Dad said.What happens if it doesnt? I asked.Dad laughed a very splendid and blistering laugh. If it doesnt, then I dont think the Conclave is going to be in any snappishness for negotiations, he said.Oh, God, I s aid. We have to tell people, Dad.I know we do, he said. I try keeping things from the colonists before, and it didnt work very well. He was talking about the werewolves there, and I reminded myself that when all this was done I needed to come clean to him about my own adventures with them. But I in addition dont need another panic on our hands. the great unwashed have been whipsawed rich in the last couple of days. I need to get word out a way to tell people what the CU has planned without pose them in fear for their lives.Despite the particular they should be, I said.That is the catch, Dad said, and gave another bitter chuckle. Then he looked at me. Its not right, Zoe. This whole colony is built on a lie. Roanoke was never intended to be a real colony, a operable colony. It exists because our political relation needed a way to thumb its nose at the Conclave, to carry its colonization ban, and to buy time to come on a trap. Now that its had that time, the only reason our c olony exists is to be a cigaret at a stake. The Colonial Union doesnt care about us for who we are, Zoe. It only cares about us for what we are. What we represent to them. What they can use us for. Who we are doesnt actually enter into it.I know the feeling, I said.Im sorry, Dad said. Im getting both surcharge and depressed.Its not abstract, Dad, I said. Youre talking to the girl whose life is a treaty point. I know what it means to be treasured for what I am rather than who I am.Dad gave me a hug. Not here, Zoe, he said. We love you for you. Although if you want to tell your Obin friends to get off their asses and foster us, I wouldnt mind.Well, I did get Hickory and Dickory to swear not to kill you, I said. So thats progress, at least.Yes, baby steps in the right direction, Dad said. Itll be nice not to have to worry about being knifed by members of my household.Theres always Mom, I said. bank me, if I ever annoyed her that much, she wouldnt use something as painless as a knif e, Dad said. He kissed me on the cheek. give thanks for coming to tell me what Hickory said, Zoe, he said. And thanks for keeping it to yourself for now.Youre welcome, I said, and then headed for the door. I stopped before I turned the handle. Dad? How long do you think it will take before the Conclave is here?Not long, Zoe, he said. Not long at all.In fact, it took just about two weeks.In that time, we prepared. Dad found a way to tell everyone the truth without having them panic He told them that there was still a well-behaved chance the Conclave would find us and that the Colonial Union was planning on making a stand here that there was still danger but that we had been in danger before, and that being talented and prepared was our best defense. Colonists called up plans to bod bomb shelters and other protections, and used the shaft and construction machinery wed kept packed up before. People kept to their work and stayed optimistic and prepared themselves as best they coul d, preparedness themselves for a life on the acuteness of a war.I spent my time reading the stuff Hickory and Dickory gave me, ceremonial occasion the videos of the colony remotions, and poring through the data to see what I could learn. Hickory and Dickory were right, there was just too much of it, and lots of it in formats I couldnt understand. I dont know how Jane managed to keep it all straight in her head. But what was there was enough to know a few different things.First, the Conclave was huge Over four vitamin C races belonged to it, each of them pledging to work together to colonise new worlds rather than compete for them. This was a wild idea up until now all the hundreds of races in our part of space fought with each other to grab worlds and colonize them, and then once they created a new colony they all fought tooth and nail to keep their own and wipe out everyone elses. But in the Conclave setup, creatures from all sorts of races would live on the same planet. You wo uldnt have to compete. In theory, a great idea it beats having to try to kill everyone else in the area but whether it would actually work was still up in the air.Which brought up the second point It was still incredibly new. General Gau, the head of the Conclave, had worked for more than twenty days to put it together, and for most of those years it kept looking like it was going to fall apart. It didnt help that the Colonial Union us piece and a few others expended a lot of energy to break it up even before it got together. But somehow Gau made it happen, and in the last couple of years had actually taken it from planning to practicality.That wasnt a good thing for everyone who wasnt part of the Conclave, especially when the Conclave started making decrees, like that no one who wasnt part of the Conclave could colonize any new worlds. Any line of descent with the Conclave was an argument with every member of the Conclave. It wasnt a one-on-one thing it was a four-hundred-on -one thing. And General Gau made sure people knew it. When the Conclave started bringing flickers to re bleed those new colonies that other races congealed in defiance, there was one ship in that pass off for every race in the Conclave. I tried to imagine four hundred battle cruisers suddenly popping up over Roanoke, and then remembered that if the Colonial Unions plan worked, Id see them soon enough. I stopped act to imagine it.It was fair to wonder if the Colonial Union was insane for trying to pick a fight with the Conclave, but as big as it was, its newness worked against it. Every one of those four hundred ally had been enemies not too long ago. each of them came in to the Conclave with its own plans and agenda, and not all of them, it seemed, were entirely convinced this Conclave thing was going to work when it all came down, some of them planned to scoop up the choice pieces. It was still early enough for it all to fall apart, if someone applied just the right amount of p ressure. It looked like the Colonial Union was planning to do that, up above Roanoke.Only one thing was keeping it all together, and that was the trinity thing I learned That this General Gau was in his way a extraordinary mortal. He wasnt like one of those tin-pot dictators who got lucky, seized a country and gave themselves the title of Grand mellow Poobah or whatever. He had been an actual general for a people called the Vrenn, and had won some important battles for them when he decided that it was uneconomic to fight over resources that more than one race could easily and productively destiny when he started campaigning with this idea, he was thrown into jail. No one likes a troublemaker.The dominion who tossed him in jail eventually died (Gau had vigour to do with it it was natural causes) and Gau was offered the job, but he turned it down and instead tried to get other races to sign on to the idea of the Conclave. He had the disadvantage that he didnt get the Vrenn to go along with the idea at first all he had to his name was an idea and a teensy battle cruiser called the soft Star, which he had gotten the Vrenn to give him after they decommissioned it. From what I could read, it seemed like the Vrenn thought they were buying him off with it, as in here, take this, thanks for your service, go away, no need to send a postcard, bye.But he didnt go away, and disrespect the fact that his idea was insane and meshuggeneh and nuts and could never possibly work because every race in our humankind hated every other race too much, it worked. Because this General Gau made it work, by using his own skills and personality to get people of all different races to work together. The more I read about him, the more it seemed like the guy was really admirable.And yet he was also the person who had ordered the killing of civilian colonists.Yes, hed offered to sack them and even offered to give them space in the Conclave. But when it came right down to it, if they wouldnt move and they wouldnt join, he wiped them out. Just like he would wipe us all out, if contempt everything Dad told Hickory and Dickory we didnt surrender the colony or if, should the attack the Colonial Union had planned on the Conclave fleet go wrong, the general decided that the CU needed to be taught a lesson for doughty to defy the Conclave and wiped us out just on general principles.I wasnt so sure just how admirable General Gau would be, if at the end of the day he wouldnt stop from killing me and every single person I cared about.It was a puzzle. He was a puzzle. I spent those two weeks trying to sort it out. Gretchen got particular with me that Id been locked away without telling her what I was up to Hickory and Dickory had to remind me to get out and work on my training. Even Jane wondered if I might not need to get outside more. The only person not to give me much grief was Enzo since we got back together he was actually very accommodating about my schedu le. I comprehended that. I made sure he knew. He seemed to appreciate that.And then just like that we all ran out of time. The low Star, General Gaus ship, appeared above our colony one afternoon, disabled our communications satellite so Gau could have some time to chat, and then sent a message to Roanoke request to meet with the colony leaders. John replied that he would meet with him. That evening, as the sun set, they met on the ridge outside the colony, about a klick away.Hand me the binoculars, please, I said to Hickory, as we climbed out to the roof of the bungalow. It compel me. Thanks, I said. Dickory was below us, on the consideration old habits die hard.Even with the binoculars General Gau and Dad were little more than dots. I looked anyway. I wasnt the only one on other roofs, in Croatoan and in the homesteads, other people sat on roofs with binoculars and telescopes, looking at Dad and the general, or scanning the sky, looking in the dusk for the Gentle Star. As nigh t lastly fell, I spotted the ship myself a tiny dot in the midst of two stars, shining unblinkingly where the other stars twinkled.How long until the other ships arrive, do you think? I asked Hickory. The Gentle Star always arrived first, alone, and then at Gaus command, the hundreds of other ships would appear, a not-at-all-subtle bit of showmanship to get a backward colony leader to agree to get his or her people to leave their homes. I had watched it on previous colony removal videos. It would happen here, too.Not long now, Hickory said. By now Major Perry will have refused to surrender the colony.I took down my binoculars and glanced over to Hickory in the gloom. You dont seem concerned about this, I said. Thats a different tune than you were singing before.Things have changed, Hickory said.I wish I had your confidence, I said.Look, Hickory said. It has begun.I glanced up. New stars had begun to appear in the sky. First one or two, then handsome groups, and then entire conste llations. So more had begun to appear it was impossible to track every single appearance. I knew there were four hundred. It seemed like thousands.Dear God, I said, and I was afraid. Truly afraid. Look at them all.Do not fear this attack, Zoe, Hickory said. We mean this plan will work.You know the plan? I asked. I didnt take my eyes off the sky.We learned of it this afternoon, Hickory said. Major Perry told us, as a courtesy to our organisation.You didnt tell me, I said.We thought you knew, Hickory said. You said you had spoken to Major Perry about it.We talked about the Colonial Union attacking the Conclave fleet, I said. But we didnt talk about how.My apologies, Zoe, Hickory said. I would have told you. place me now, I said, and then something happened in the sky.The new stars started going nova.First one or two, then small groups, and then entire constellations. So many expanded and brightened that they had begun to liquify into each other, forming an arm of a small and viole nt galaxy. It was beautiful. And it was the worst thing I had ever seen.Antimatter bombs, Hickory said. The Colonial Union learned the identity of the ships in the Conclave fleet. It assigned members of your Special Forces to locate them and plant the bombs just before the jump here. another(prenominal) Special Forces member here initiate them.Bombs on how many ships? I asked.All of them, Hickory said. All but the Gentle Star.I tried to turn to look at Hickory but I couldnt move my eyes from the sky. Thats impossible, I said.No, Hickory said. Not impossible. Extraordinarily difficult. But not impossible.From other roofs and from the streets of Croatoan, cheers and shouts lifted into the air. I finally turned away, and wiped the tears off my face.Hickory noticed. You cry for the Conclave fleet, it said.Yes, I said. For the people on those ships.Those ships were here to destroy the colony, Hickory said.I know, I said.You are sorry they were destroyed, Hickory said.I am sorry that we couldnt think of anything better, I said. Im sorry that it had to be us or them.The Colonial Union believes this will be a great victory, Hickory said. It believes that destroying the Conclaves fleet in one engagement will cause the Conclave to collapse, ending its threat. This is what it has told my government.Oh, I said.It is to be hoped they are correct, Hickory said.I was finally able to look away and face Hickory. The afterimages of the explosions fit(p) blotches all around it. Do you believe they are correct? I asked. Would your government believe it?Zoe, Hickory said. You will refuse that just before you left for Roanoke, my government invited you to visit our worlds.I remember, I said.We invited you because our people longed to see you, and to see you among us, Hickory said. We also invited you because we believed that your government was going to use Roanoke as a ruse to open a battle against the Conclave. And while we did not know whether this ruse would be successful, w e believed strongly that you would have been safer with us. There is no doubt that your life has been in danger here, Zoe, both in ways we had foreseen and in ways that we could not. We invited you, Zoe, because we feared for you. Do you understand what I am saying to you?I do, I said.You asked me if I believe the Colonial Union is correct, that this is a great victory, and if my government would believe the same, Hickory said. My reply is to say that once again my government extends an invitation to you, Zoe, to come visit our worlds, and to travel safe among them.I nodded, and looked back to the sky, where stars were still going nova. And when would you want this trip to begin? I asked.Now, Hickory said. Or as final stage to now as possible.I didnt say anything to that. I looked up to the sky, and then unlikeable my eyes and for the first time, started to pray. I prayed for the crews of the ships above me. I prayed for the colonists below me. I prayed for John and Jane. For Gre tchen and her father. For Magdy and for Enzo and their families. For Hickory and Dickory. I prayed for General Gau. I prayed for everyone.I prayed.Zoe, Hickory said.I unresolved my eyes.Thank you for the invitation, I said. I regret I must decline.Hickory was silent.Thank you, Hickory, I said. Really, thank you. But I am right where I belong.